福建漳浦前湖湾晚更新世的孢粉组合及其古环境意义     

吴彩容  刘剑秋  王绍鸿  俞鸣同 《福建地理》2008,(1):1-7

从孢粉角度对漳浦前湖湾古森林遗迹分布区所在的剖面QHP和钻孔QHZ～1的第四纪沉积物进行系统的分析．经过孢粉种属鉴定、孢粉浓度的统计,木本、草本、蕨类、藻类以及各科属孢粉百分比的不同,划分出7个孢粉组合带,剖面QHP自下而上为组合带Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ,其中组合带Ⅲ推知属晚更新世的中期产物,组合带Ⅱ属晚更新世中期接近晚期的产物,组合带Ⅰ属晚更新世晚期的产物;钻孔QHZ-1自下而上为组合带Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ,其中组合带Ⅳ推知属晚更新世的早期的产物,组合带Ⅲ是一过渡层,组合带Ⅱ推知属晚更新世的中期的产物,组合带Ⅰ推知属晚更新世晚期的产物,而组合带Ⅰ以上的层位是全新世以来的产物．结合^14C测年和沉积地层岩性等资料,得出该地区晚更新世以来沉积环境及其古气候演化的4次变迁过程：晚更新世早期的寒冷干燥;晚更新世中期的温和热湿,期间发生2次明显的海侵事件;晚更新世晚期过渡到全新世的冷暖干湿的动荡期;全新世以来与现代气候较为接近的气候．  相似文献   

Septal patterns in Agetolites from the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician) at Zhuzhai,Yushan County,Jiangxi Province,South China     

SUN Ning  DongJin LEE  WANG XunLian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):247-257

Patterns of septal insertion were analyzed in three species of Agetolites from the Upper Ordovician in Yushan County,Jiangxi Province of China.Agetolites is a peculiar coral possessing features of both tabulate(e.g.,mural pores)and rugose corals(e.g.,well-developed septa).Septal patterns have long been considered to be indicative of the origin of corals,and the pattern of septal insertion in Agetolites has been known to be typical of rugosans.This study,however,reveals that the patterns in Agetolites are rather random and cannot be an indication of its rugosan affinity.It is suggested that Agetolites probably has a closer phylogenetic relation with tabulates than with either rugosans or scleractinians.Two insertion patterns of the first six septa were detected(Types Ⅰ and Ⅱ).Type I is interpreted as scleractinian pattern whereas Type II as typical pattern of rugosans.Types 1 and 2 are septal patterns of the second stage recognized in this study.Type 1 insertion occurs in six sectors located in the center of each interseptal space,suggesting scleractinian pattern of insertion.Type 2 insertion occurs in four sectors that are comparable with alar and counter sectors in rugose corals.Four patterns of the third(Types A–D)and fourth stages(Types a–d)of septal insertion have also been recognized in Agetolites.Type A only occurs in two adjacent sectors possibly due to the incompleteness of septal development.Type B presents rugosan pattern.Types C and D resemble scleractinian pattern in most aspects.Types a,b,and c present no clear attribution to rugosan or scleractinian pattern probably due to the incompleteness of septal development whereas Type d is observable in rugose corals.  相似文献   

西藏札达盆地上新世—早更新世气候变迁与湖泊演化     

韩建恩  余佳  朱大岗  孟宪刚  邵兆刚  杨朝斌 《地质力学学报》2011,17(4):361-372

通过孢粉组合分析, 结合河湖相地层岩性特征和古地磁及电子自旋共振(ESR)法年龄测定结果, 探讨了西藏札达盆地上新世—早更新世的古气候变迁与札达古湖泊演化的关系.研究表明, 札达盆地古湖泊演化可划分为早(湖泊形成期)、中(稳定发展期)、晚(湖泊消亡期)三期.早期(距今5.41~4.40 Ma), 札达盆地为温凉而干旱的疏林草原植被气候, 随后转变为温暖稍湿的森林草原植被气候, 最后转变为温暖潮湿的亚热带针阔叶混交林气候, 这一时期古湖开始形成; 中期(距今4.40~2.57 Ma), 古气候进入寒温期, 古植被表现为先由暖温带针阔叶混交林带向山地寒温带暗针叶林带过渡, 再由山地暖温带针阔叶混交林→山地寒温带暗针叶林交替出现的过程, 古湖泊进入发育期; 晚期(距今2.57~1.36 Ma), 湖区古气候环境进入寒冷期, 古植被为山地寒温带暗针叶林→山地暗针叶林向低矮灌木→干冷草原的变化, 古湖泊进入消亡阶段.古湖泊演化与古植被、古气候演变有很好的相关性, 高原隆升控制了古气候环境的变化, 进而影响湖泊水量的变化.   相似文献   

青海格尔木早更新世昆仑河砾岩的发现及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵希涛  胡道功  吴中海  刘琦胜  张耀玲  薛腊梅 《地质力学学报》2010,16(1):1-10

昆仑河发源于昆仑山,是格尔木河的重要支流之一。前人所报道的新近纪与第四纪地层,主要集中于昆仑山垭口地区,而在昆仑河—格尔木河谷地中,只有中更新世以来的最新地层,从而提出了发生于1.1~0.6 Ma BP间的“昆仑—黄河运动”的概念。然而在昆仑河谷中发现了厚达20 m的钙质胶结的河流相砾石层(昆仑河砾岩),其分布、特征及其与纳赤台沟组、三岔河组和低阶地沉积等上覆地层的不整合接触关系,以及ESR法测定的该砾石层2个钙质胶结物样品的年龄(分别为1 042 ± 104 ka BP与1 269 ± 126 ka BP)均表明,早在距今1.27~1.42 Ma之前昆仑河—格尔木河河谷已经形成,而且已深切到现今的谷底。此后河谷内的多次切割与堆积,不应是构造运动的结果,而可能是冰期与间冰期气候变化所引起的侵蚀与搬运能力变化造成的。同样,昆仑山相对于柴达木盆地的强烈隆升至少应发生于距今1.27~1.42 Ma之前。   相似文献   

Catastrophic middle Pleistocene jökulhlaups in the upper Susquehanna River: Distinctive landforms from breakout floods in the central Appalachians     

R. Craig Kochel  Richard P. Nickelsen  L. Scott Eaton 《Geomorphology》2009,110(3-4):80-95

Widespread till and moraines record excursions of middle-Pleistocene ice that flowed up-slope into several watersheds of the Valley and Ridge Province along the West Branch of the Susquehanna River. A unique landform assemblage was created by ice-damming and jökulhlaups emanating from high gradient mountain watersheds. This combination of topography formed by multiple eastward-plunging anticlinal ridges, and the upvalley advance of glaciers resulted in an ideal geomorphic condition for the formation of temporary ice-dammed lakes. Extensive low gradient (1°–2° slope) gravel surfaces dominate the mountain front geomorphology in this region and defy simple explanation. The geomorphic circumstances that occurred in tributaries to the West Branch Susquehanna River during middle Pleistocene glaciation are extremely rare and may be unique in the world. Failure of ice dams released sediment-rich water from lakes, entraining cobbles and boulders, and depositing them in elongated debris fans extending up to 9 km downstream from their mountain-front breakout points. Poorly developed imbrication is rare, but occasionally present in matrix-supported sediments resembling debris flow deposits. Clast weathering and soils are consistent with a middle Pleistocene age for the most recent flows, circa the 880-ka paleomagnetic date for glacial lake sediments north of the region on the West Branch Susquehanna River. Post-glacial stream incision has focused along the margins of fan surfaces, resulting in topographic inversion, leaving bouldery jökulhlaup surfaces up to 15 m above Holocene channels. Because of their coarse nature and high water tables, jökulhlaup surfaces are generally forested in contrast to agricultural land use in the valleys and, thus, are readily apparent from orbital imagery.  相似文献   

Dating of Late Pleistocene terrace deposits of the River Rhine using Uranium series and luminescence methods: Potential and limitations     

Stphane Kock  Jan D. Kramers  Frank Preusser  Andreas Wetzel 《Quaternary Geochronology》2009,4(5):363-373

Uranium-series dating of pedogenic carbonate crusts from fluvial gravels is tested using Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) ages as references. OSL dating yielded ages of 30–15 ka and 13–11 ka, which correlate with the cold periods of the Last Glacial Maximum and the Younger Dryas. These ages are internally coherent and consistent with the geological background and are thus regarded as reliable. Most of the U/Th results scatter widely in the ²³⁰Th/²³²Th vs. ²³⁴U/²³²Th isochron diagram, making regression unrealistic. Semiquantitative age estimates from the data were found to be mostly older than the OSL ages and the geological context. It is suggested that a heterogeneous initial ²³⁰Th input, not relatable to a detrital component, is responsible for the observed discrepancies. This input may be due to bacterial activities and Th transport on organic colloids. It appears necessary to avoid samples where bacteria could have contributed to carbonate precipitation. Further, the relative importance of this problem decreases with sample age, so that U/Th dating of sinters is expected to be more reliable in the >100 ka age range.  相似文献   

河南省济源沙沟铅锌矿的发现及意义     

宫程  张海洋 《地质与资源》2009,18(2):121-124

根据化探异常所圈定的靶区,采用化探和物探相结合的方法,在河南省西北部上寒武统白云岩中发现了类似于MVT的铅锌矿床.矿体赋存于上寒武统的厚层状白云岩中,矿体的产出部位与层位和构造关系密切.不同级别和不同时期的构造相互交汇和切割,对铅锌矿床的形成起着明显的控制作用.通过矿床特征、找矿标志的分析研究,对该类型铅锌矿床的找矿标志和找矿方法有了新的认识和发现,为寻找此类型的铅锌矿床提供了经验.  相似文献   

Present and Late Pleistocene equilibrium line altitudes in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China     

ZHANG Wei  CUI Zhijiu  YAN Ling 《地理学报》2009,19(3):373-383

According to the glacial landforms and deposits with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating results, two glacial stages of the last glacial cycle (LGC) and Late Glacial were identified. The Late Glacial stage (Meteorological Station glacier advance) took place about 11 ka (11.3±1.2 ka), and the last glacial maximum (LGM), named Black Wind Mouth glacier advance, occurred at 20 ka (20.0±2.1 ka). Based on the Ohmura’s formula in which there is a relationship between summer (JJA) atmospheric temperature (T) and the annual precipitation (P) at ELA, the present theoretical equilibrium line altitude (ELAt) in Changbai Mountains was 3380±100 m. Six methods of accumulation–area ratio (AAR), maximum elevation of lateral moraines (MELM), toe–to headwall altitude ratios (THAR), the terminal to summit altitudinal (TSAM), the altitude of cirque floor (CF), and the terminal to average elevation of the catchment area (Hofer) were used for calculation of the former ELAs in different stages. These methods provided the ELA for a range of 2250–2383 m with an average value of 2320±20 m during the LGM, which is 200 m higher than the value of previous investigation. The snowlines during the Late Glacial are 2490 m on northern slope, and 2440 m on western slope. The results show that the snowline on northern slope is 50 m higher than that on western slope during the Late Glacial, and the average snowline is 2465m. The ELA △ values were more than 1000 m during the LGM, and about 920 m lower than now during the Late Glacial stage respectively. Compared with Taiwanese and Japanese mountains in East Asia during the LGM, the effect of the uplift on ELA in Changbai Mountains during the glaciations (i.e. 20 m uplift in the LGM and 11 m in the Late Glacial) is not obvious.  相似文献   

长江上游全新世特大洪水对西南 季风变化的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

葛兆帅 《地理研究》2009,28(3):592-600

利用24次全新世特大洪水序列与川渝地区近两千年的洪灾史料,对长江上游特大洪水事件和气候变化的响应机制进行了分析。从长江上游特大洪水序列与阿拉伯海记录的西南季风气候变化对比分析来看,特大洪水事件与西南季风变化具有很好的响应关系,特大洪水事件多发生于西南季风较弱的阶段,这些阶段以西南季风气候快速变化为特征,是气候剧烈波动期或气候的转型期。与北大西洋、贵州董歌洞石笋所记录的气候变化比较,特大洪水有的与全新世气候突变一致,有的则不一致,可能特大洪水事件更多表现为地方事件。与文献记载的历史洪灾事件相比,长江上游低频高量级的特大洪水事件对西南季风的变化具有更好的响应关系,而高频低量级的洪灾事件具有更高的随机性,由于历史文献记载的洪水量级差异较大,如果将他们笼统地放在一起分析,可能会掩盖洪水事件对气候变化响应机制。  相似文献   

亚洲副热带高空西风急流活动的气候特征及其与我国部分地区夏季降水的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

魏林波  周甘霖  王式功  尚可政  马玉霞 《高原气象》2012,31(1):87-93

利用1948-2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析风速资料,分析了亚洲副热带200hPa西风带急流(下称西风急流)时空变化的气候特征及其与我国江淮流域梅雨期降水和新疆夏季降水的关系。结果表明:(1)由冬入夏时,西风急流轴由30°N左右北进到45°N左右,中间有两次明显的快速北进,分别发生在4月和6～7月;由夏入冬时,急流轴再由45°N左右南撤至30°N附近。急流轴在北进过程中以90°E处出现最早,也最明显。(2)一年之中,西风急流中心主要位于西太平洋上空140°E处,只有两个月左右的时间停留在亚洲大陆上空。急流中心在6月中旬开始迅速西移,6月下旬移至江淮流域上空,7月底到达新疆天山地区上空,8～9月东退至冬季平均位置140°E左右。(3)江淮流域梅雨期的降水量与西风急流的位置有一定相关关系。若某年1月急流中心异常偏西,4～5月急流轴又异常偏南,则该年可能为丰梅年,江淮地区易出现暴雨洪涝灾害;否则相反。(4)盛夏季节新疆上空急流的强度及纬度位置与新疆降水也有一定关系。若某年4月中旬～5月下旬新疆和中亚地区西风急流轴明显偏北,该年夏季急流轴又偏南,且急流偏强,则新疆多雨;否则相反。  相似文献